{"id":11071,"date":"2010-12-29T19:12:05","date_gmt":"2010-12-29T19:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=11071"},"modified":"2015-09-28T18:50:47","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:50:47","slug":"les-enfants-de-la-colonie-les-metis-de-l%e2%80%99empire-francais-entre-sujetion-et-citoyennete-children-of-the-colonies-the-metis-of-the-french-empire-citizens-or-subjects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=11071","title":{"rendered":"Les Enfants de la colonie: Les m\u00e9tis de l\u2019Empire fran\u00e7ais entre suj\u00e9tion et citoyennet\u00e9 \/ Children of The Colonies: The M\u00e9tis of the French Empire: Citizens or Subjects?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les Enfants de la colonie: Les m\u00e9tis de l\u2019Empire fran\u00e7ais entre suj\u00e9tion et citoyennet\u00e9 \/ Children of The Colonies: The M\u00e9tis of the French Empire: Citizens or Subjects?<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9ditions La D\u00e9couverte
\n<\/a>2007
\n336 pages
\nDimensions: 155 * 240 mm
\nISBN: 9782707139825<\/p>\n

Emmanuelle Saada<\/a><\/strong>, Associate Professor\u00a0and Director of the Center for French and Francophone Studies
\nColumbia University<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The colonial encounter in the French Empire produced tens of thousands of \u2018m\u00e9tis\u2019 children. Most were the product of short-term relationships between European men and native women. Many were abandoned by their fathers, and condemned to illegitimacy. Colonial elites considered them a threat because they blurred the sharp distinction between citizens and subjects on which the colonial order rested. Colonial authorities met this challenge with an array of social and legal efforts to resolve this ambiguity\u2014to \u00abreclassify\u00bb the \u00ab m\u00e9tis problem \u00bb out of existence. Education and culture played a key role in this process, as m\u00e9tis children were placed in special orphanages devoted to \u00ab straightening out their heredity \u00bb, turning them into French citizens of \u00ab soul and quality \u00bb. This book explores the forgotten history of these children of the colonies, and of their central place in larger strategies of imperial domination and the management of colonial sexuality. It pays special attention to Indochina, which served as a laboratory for the \u201cm\u00e9tis question\u201d, but it is also an account of a global Empire marked by the persistent challenge of maintaining boundaries between citizen and subject. In exploring this intersection between sexuality, race and citizenship in the colonial context, this book challenges and revises the \u2018republican model\u2019 of nationhood that has dominated histories of France since the 19th century.<\/p>\n

Pendant la colonisation fran\u00e7aise, des dizaines de milliers d\u2019enfants sont n\u00e9s d\u2019\u00ab Europ\u00e9ens \u00bb et d\u2019\u00ab indig\u00e8nes \u00bb. Souvent ill\u00e9gitimes, non reconnus puis abandonn\u00e9s par leur p\u00e8re, ces m\u00e9tis furent per\u00e7us comme un danger parce que leur existence brouillait la fronti\u00e8re entre \u00ab citoyens \u00bb et \u00ab sujets \u00bb au fondement de l\u2019ordre colonial. Leur situation a pourtant vari\u00e9 : invisibles en Alg\u00e9rie, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre des pr\u00e9occupations en Indochine. La \u00ab question m\u00e9tisse \u00bb a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e \u00e0 Madagascar, en Afrique et en Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie.<\/p>\n

Retra\u00e7ant l\u2019histoire oubli\u00e9e de ces enfants de la colonie, cet ouvrage r\u00e9v\u00e8le une face cach\u00e9e, mais fondamentale, de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019appartenance nationale en France : il montre comment les tentatives d\u2019assimilation des m\u00e9tis ont culmin\u00e9, \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1920, avec des d\u00e9crets reconnaissant la citoyennet\u00e9 \u00e0 ceux qui pouvaient prouver leur \u00ab race fran\u00e7aise \u00bb. Aux colonies, la nation se d\u00e9couvrait sous les traits d\u2019une race.<\/p>\n

Cette l\u00e9gislation bouleversa le destin de milliers d\u2019individus, passant soudainement de la suj\u00e9tion \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 : ainsi, en Indochine, en 1954, 4 500 enfants furent s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leur m\u00e8re et \u00ab rapatri\u00e9s \u00bb en tant que Fran\u00e7ais. Surtout, elle introduisait la race en droit fran\u00e7ais, comme crit\u00e8re d\u2019appartenance \u00e0 la nation. Cela oblige \u00e0 revoir le \u00ab mod\u00e8le r\u00e9publicain \u00bb de la citoyennet\u00e9, fond\u00e9 sur la figure d\u2019un individu abstrait, adh\u00e9rant volontaire \u00e0 un projet politique commun et \u00e0 souligner les liens entre filiation, nationalit\u00e9 et race.<\/p>\n

Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n