{"id":1217,"date":"2009-09-28T21:30:43","date_gmt":"2009-09-28T21:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=1217"},"modified":"2013-05-01T19:54:21","modified_gmt":"2013-05-01T19:54:21","slug":"the-relationship-between-multiracial-identity-variance-social-connectedness-facilitative-support-and-adjustment-in-multiracial-college-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=1217","title":{"rendered":"The Relationship Between Multiracial Identity Variance, Social Connectedness, Facilitative Support, and Adjustment in Multiracial College Students"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Relationship Between Multiracial Identity Variance, Social Connectedness, Facilitative Support, and Adjustment in Multiracial College Students<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

University of Oregon
\nJune 2008
\n151 pages<\/p>\n

James Lyda<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Dissertation presented to the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon<\/em> in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.<\/p>\n

Research has suggested that multiracial individuals may vary in how they racially identify depending on the context in which they operate (Renn, 2004; Root, 1998, 2003).\u00a0 To examine this assertion, multiracial identity and variance in multiracial identity were examined in this exploratory study of a nationally representative sample of 199 multiracial college students. \u00a0Additionally, the relationship of multiracial identity variance with factors common to adult transitional development and to the college student experience, including social connectedness, various forms of facilitative support, college adjustment, and depression, were also examined in this study.\u00a0 Sex differences among these study variables were also explored.<\/p>\n

The results of descriptive analyses revealed that this generally connected, adjusted, and non-depressed sample consistently varied their racial identity depending on their context.\u00a0 Results of Pearson product-moment correlations<\/a> among study variables for the whole sample demonstrated that this multiracial identity variance was not related to adjustment, social connectedness, facilitative supports, or depression. But results differed when breaking down the sample by sex. For males, increased variance in multiracial identity across contexts was related to lower perceived availability of, support from, and connectedness to student support groups. For females, increased multiracial identity variance was related to lower participation in ethnic and cultural student support groups.\u00a0 A series of subsequent simultaneous multiple regression analyses revealed that increased involvement in one form of facilitative support in the college environmentethnic\/cultural student support groups- actually predicted lower multiracial identity variance for the sample.<\/p>\n

Regarding connectedness, for the entire sample, higher social connectedness was related to higher college adjustment but lower participation in ethnic and cultural student support groups.\u00a0 Sex differences also emerged for connectedness. For males, social connectedness was directly related to availability of student groups, adjustment, and institutional attachment, and for females social connectedness was directly related to college adjustment, but inversely related to participation in ethnic\/cultural groups.<\/p>\n

Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. RATIONALE
\n<\/strong>Historical, Political, and Social Implications of Mixed Race Identity
\nRacial and Ethnic Identity
\nMultiracial Identity Models
\nMonoracial Identity Development Models
\nBiracial and Multiethnic Identity Development Models
\nEcological Models of Multiracial Identity Development
\nWardel and Cruz-jansen’s Model
\nRoot’s Model
\nMultiracial Identity Variance
\nSocial Connectedness
\nSocial Connectedness and Multiracial Identity: Influence of Sex
\nFacilitative Support
\nCollege Adjustment
\nDepression
\nPurpose of This Study
\nResearch Questions<\/p>\n

II. METHODOLOGY<\/strong>
\nParticipants
\nMeasures
\nDemographics
\nMultiracial Identity Variance
\nSocial Connectedness
\nFacilitative Supports
\nCollege Adjustment
\nChapter
\nDepression
\nProcedures
\nPmticipant Recruitment
\nData Collection
\nSample Size<\/p>\n

III. RESULTS<\/strong>
\nOverview
\nPreliminary Analyses
\nDescriptive Analyses
\nMultiracial Identity Variance
\nSex Differences
\nSocial Connectedness
\nSex Differences
\nPerceptions of Facilitative Student Supports
\nSex Differences
\nCollege Adjustment
\nSex Differences
\nDepression
\nSex Differences
\nCorrelation Analyses
\nMultiracial Identity Variance
\nSocial Connectedness
\nFacilitative Supports
\nCollege Adjustment
\nDepression
\nRegression Analyses
\nExplaining Multiracial Identity Variance.
\nExplaining Social Connectedness.
\nExplaining Depression
\nSummary of Results<\/p>\n

IV. DISCUSSION
\n<\/strong>Main Findings: Relationship Among Variables
\nDemographics
\nMultiracial Identity Variance
\nSocial Connectedness
\nFacilitative Supports
\nCollege Adjustment
\nDepression
\nSex Differences
\nImplications of the Findings
\nStudy Limitations
\nFuture Research and Intervention
\nConclusion<\/p>\n

APPENDICES
\n<\/strong>A. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
\nB. INFORMED CONSENT STATEMENT
\nC. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
\nREFERENCES<\/p>\n

….Overall the sample was racially diverse, predominantly female, and came from highly educated parents.<\/strong>\u00a0 The sample was racially diverse in the sense that multiple combinations of multiracial heritage were represented. \u00a0This is important in validating the sample as a cross section of the multiracial population, which distinguishes the current study from previous multiracial identity research that has focused specifically on a limited representation of specific bi- or multiracial sub-groups, such as black\/white biracial individuals (Shih & Sanchez, 2005; Wardle & Cruz-Jansen, 2004). The sample tended to consist of participants with highly educated parents and as a result were likely to be of higher socioeconomic status. It is unknown if the general socioeconomic status of the sample is representative of the multiracial college student population as a whole.\u00a0 Also, women outnumbered men three to one. These factors are important when considering the generalizabiity of these results…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Read the entire dissertation here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Relationship Between Multiracial Identity Variance, Social Connectedness, Facilitative Support, and Adjustment in Multiracial College Students University of Oregon June 2008 151 pages James Lyda A Dissertation presented to the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2895,838,125,8,20],"tags":[141,4067],"class_list":["post-1217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-campus-life","category-dissertations","category-identitydevelopment","category-media-archive","category-usa","tag-james-lyda","tag-university-of-oregon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}