{"id":13727,"date":"2011-05-11T01:36:55","date_gmt":"2011-05-11T01:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=13727"},"modified":"2011-10-07T00:32:28","modified_gmt":"2011-10-07T00:32:28","slug":"y-str-diversity-and-ethnic-admixture-in-white-and-mulatto-brazilian-population-samples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=13727","title":{"rendered":"Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Genetics and Molecular Biology<\/a> (Former title: Brazilian Journal of Genetics)
\nVolume 29, Number 4<\/a> (S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0 2006)
\npages 605-607
\nDOI: 10.1590\/S1415-47572006000400004<\/a>
\nISSN 1415-4757<\/p>\n

Luzitano Brand\u00e3o Ferreira<\/strong>
\nDepartamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto
\nUniversidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil<\/em><\/p>\n

Celso Teixeira Mendes-Junior<\/strong>
\nDepartamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto
\nUniversidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil<\/em><\/p>\n

Cl\u00e1udia Em\u00edlia Vieira Wiezel<\/strong>
\nDepartamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto
\nUniversidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil<\/em><\/p>\n

Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon<\/strong>
\nDepartamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto
\nUniversidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil<\/em><\/p>\n

Aguinaldo Luiz Sim\u00f5es<\/strong>
\nDepartamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto
\nUniversidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil<\/em><\/p>\n

We investigated 50 Mulatto<\/a> and 120 White Brazilians for the Y-chromosome<\/a> short tandem repeat<\/a> (Y-STR<\/a>) markers (DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) and found 79 different haplotypes in the White and 35 in the Mulatto sample. Admixture estimates based on allele frequencies showed that the admixture of the white sample was 89% European, 6% African and 5% Amerindian while the Mulatto sample was 93% European and 7% African. Results were consistent with historical records of the directional mating between European males and Amerindian or African females.<\/p>\n

The Brazilian<\/a> population is a result of interethnic crosses of Europeans, Africans and Amerindians, and is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world.<\/strong> When the first European colonizers arrived (1500 AD), 1-5 million Amerindians already lived in the region that now is known as Brazil (Salzano and Callegari-Jacques, 1988). Before 1820, European colonization was almost exclusively composed of Portuguese while between 1820 and 1975 the great majority of immigrants were from Portugal and Italy, followed by a small number by people from Spain, Germany, Syria and Japan (Carvalho-Silva et al., 2001). Between the 16th and 19th centuries approximately 3.5 million Africans were brought as slaves to Brazil, coming mainly from West, West-Central and Southeast Africa (Curtin, 1969). The colonization of Brazil involved mostly European men, many of whom produced children with Amerindian and African females.<\/p>\n

Although the classification of races is wrong from genetic standpoint (Templeton, 1998), Brazilians are classified for census purposes based on color.<\/strong> According to the last Brazilian government census of the 170 million Brazilians, 84 million were males, of which 52% were White, 39% were Brown, 6% were Black and 3% were classified in other categories (IBGE, 2000). Mulatto is the term commonly used in Brazil to designate the offspring result from the union of White and Black people. We used five Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers, recognized as good markers for population studies, to investigate genetic polymorphism and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples.<\/p>\n

We investigated 170 healthy, unrelated, individuals seeking paternity investigation at the Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University Hospital, in the city of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto<\/a>, S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a> state, Southeastern Brazil. The race of the individuals in the sample was determined based on their biomedical records, 120 individuals being White and 50 Mulatto, from Ribeir\u00e3o Preto and the surrounding towns…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Read the enire article here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples Genetics and Molecular Biology (Former title: Brazilian Journal of Genetics) Volume 29, Number 4 (S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0 2006) pages 605-607 DOI: 10.1590\/S1415-47572006000400004 ISSN 1415-4757 Luzitano Brand\u00e3o Ferreira Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1649,12,83,21,2039,459],"tags":[6265,6260,6270,6267,6262,6257,6263,6258,6268,6271,6261,6256,6266,6269,6264,6259],"class_list":["post-13727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","category-articles","category-brazil","category-latincarib","category-health-medicine","category-history","tag-aguinaldo-l-simoes","tag-aguinaldo-luiz-simoes","tag-aguinaldo-simoes","tag-celso-mendes-junior","tag-celso-t-mendes-junior","tag-celso-teixeira-mendes-junior","tag-claudia-e-vieira-wiezel","tag-claudia-emilia-vieira-wiezel","tag-claudia-vieira-wiezel","tag-genetics-and-molecular-biology","tag-luzitano-b-ferreira","tag-luzitano-brandao-ferreira","tag-luzitano-ferreira","tag-marcelo-luizon","tag-marcelo-r-luizon","tag-marcelo-rizzatti-luizon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13727"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13727\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}