{"id":15669,"date":"2011-08-17T04:12:19","date_gmt":"2011-08-17T04:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=15669"},"modified":"2017-05-06T01:54:54","modified_gmt":"2017-05-06T01:54:54","slug":"the-effects-of-race-intermingling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=15669","title":{"rendered":"The Effects of Race Intermingling"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Effects of Race Intermingling<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
\nVolume 56, Number 4 (1917)
\npages 364-368<\/p>\n

Charles B. Davenport<\/strong><\/a>, Director
\nDepartment of Experimental Evolution
\n(Carnegie Institution of Washington)
\nCold Spring Harbor<\/a>, Long Island, New York<\/em><\/p>\n

Read on\u00a0April 13, 1917<\/em><\/p>\n

The problem of the effects of race intermingling may well interest us of America, when a single state, like New York<\/a>, of 9,000,000 inhabitants contains 840,000 Russians and Finns, 720,000 Italians, 1,ooo,ooo Germans, 880,000 Irish, 470,000 Austro-Hungarians, 310,000 of Great Britain, 125,000 Canadians (largely French), and 9o,ooo Scandinavians. All figures include those born abroad or born of two foreign-born parents. Nearly two thirds of the population of New York State is foreign-born or of foreign or mixed parentage. Even in a state like Connecticut<\/a> it is doubtful if 2 per cent of the population are of pure Anglo-Saxon stock for six generations of ancestors in all lines. Clearly a mixture of European races is going on in America on a colossal scale.<\/p>\n

Before proceeding further let us inquire into the meaning of “race.” The modern geneticists’ definition differs from that of the systematist or old fashioned breeder. A race is a more or less pure bred “group” of individuals that differs from other groups by at least one character, or, strictly, a genetically connected group whose germ plasm is characterized by a difference, in one or more genes, from other groups. Thus a blue-eyed Scotchman belongs to a different race from some of the dark Scotch. Strictly, as the term is employed by geneticists they may be said to belong to different elementary species.<\/p>\n

Defining race in this sense of elementary species we have to consider our problem: What are the results of race intermingling, or miscegenation<\/a>? To this question no general answer can be given. A specific answer can, however, be given to questions involving specific characters. For example, if the question be framed: what are the results of hybridization between a blue-eyed race (say Swede) and a brown-eyed race (say South Italian)? The answer is that, since brown eye is dominant over blue eye, all the children will have brown eyes; and if two such children inter-marry brown and blue eyes will appear among their children in the ratio of 3 to 1. Again, if one parent be white and the other a full-blooded negro then the skin color of the children will be about half as dark as that of the darker parent; and the progeny of two such mulattoes<\/a> will be white, 1\/4, 1\/2, 3\/4 and full black in the ratio of 1:4:6:4:1…<\/p>\n

…Not only physical but also mental and temperamental incompatibilities may be a consequence of hybridization. For example, one often sees in mulattoes an ambition and push combined with intellectual inadequacy which makes the unhappy hybrid dissatisfied with his lot and a nuisance to others.<\/p>\n

To sum up, then, miscegenation commonly spells disharmony\u2014disharmony of physical, mental and temperamental qualities and this means also disharmony with environment. A hybridized people are a badly put together people and a dissatisfied, restless, ineffective people. One wonders how much of the exceptionally high death rate in middle life in this country is due to such bodily maladjustments; and how much of our crime and insanity is due to mental and temperamental friction.<\/p>\n

This country is in for hybridization on the greatest scale that the world has ever seen…<\/p>\n

Read the entire article here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Defining race in this sense of elementary species we have to consider our problem: What are the results of race intermingling, or miscegenation?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1649,12,2039,8,14,394,20],"tags":[4348,4350,4349,7227],"class_list":["post-15669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","category-articles","category-health-medicine","category-media-archive","category-papers","category-socialscience","category-usa","tag-charles-b-davenport","tag-charles-benedict-davenport","tag-charles-davenport","tag-proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15669"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53841,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15669\/revisions\/53841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}