{"id":18419,"date":"2011-11-25T02:43:36","date_gmt":"2011-11-25T02:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=18419"},"modified":"2016-03-21T00:44:19","modified_gmt":"2016-03-21T00:44:19","slug":"measures-of-equality-social-science-citizenship-and-race-in-cuba-1902-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=18419","title":{"rendered":"Measures of Equality: Social Science, Citizenship, and Race in Cuba, 1902-1940"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/uncpress.unc.edu\/books\/T-6927.html\" target=\"_blank\">Measures of Equality: Social Science, Citizenship, and Race in Cuba, 1902-1940<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/uncpress.unc.edu\" target=\"_blank\">University of North Carolina Press<\/a><br \/>\nNovember 2003<br \/>\n256 pages<br \/>\n6.125 x 9.25, 8 illus., notes, bibl., index<br \/>\nPaper ISBN\u00a0 978-0-8078-5563-8<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.history.ubc.ca\/people\/alejandra-bronfman\" target=\"_blank\">Alejandra Bronfman<\/a><\/strong>, Professor of History<br \/>\n<em>University of British Columbia<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/uncpress.unc.edu\/books\/T-6927.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/las.arts.ubc.ca\/files\/2011\/04\/equality_cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the years following <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" target=\"_blank\">Cuba&#8217;s<\/a> independence, nationalists aimed to transcend racial categories in order to create a unified polity, yet racial and cultural heterogeneity posed continual challenges to these liberal notions of citizenship. Alejandra Bronfman traces the formation of Cuba&#8217;s multiracial legal and political order in the early Republic by exploring the responses of social scientists, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Ortiz\" target=\"_blank\">Fernando Ortiz<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofcuba.com\/history\/oriente\/Castellanos.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Israel Castellanos<\/a>, and black and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=451\" target=\"_blank\">mulatto<\/a> activists, including Gustavo Urrutia and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicol%C3%A1s_Guill%C3%A9n\" target=\"_blank\">Nicol\u00e1s Guill\u00e9n<\/a>, to the paradoxes of modern nationhood.<\/p>\n<p>Law, science, and the social sciences\u2014which, during this era, enjoyed growing status in Cuba as well as in many other countries\u2014played central roles in producing knowledge and shaping social categories in postindependence Cuba. Anthropologists, criminologists, and eugenicists embarked on projects intended to employ the tools of science to rid Cuba of the last vestiges of a colonial past. Meanwhile, the legal arena created both new freedoms and new modes of repression. Black and mulatto intellectuals and activists, working to ensure that citizenship offered concrete advantages rather than empty promises, appropriated changing social scientific and legal categories and turned them to their own uses. In the midst of several decades of intermittent racial violence and expanding social and political mobilization by Cubans of African descent, debates among intellectuals and activists, state officials, and legislators transformed not only understandings of race, but also the terms of citizenship for all Cubans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Measures of Equality: Social Science, Citizenship, and Race in Cuba, 1902-1940 University of North Carolina Press November 2003 256 pages 6.125 x 9.25, 8 illus., notes, bibl., index Paper ISBN\u00a0 978-0-8078-5563-8 Alejandra Bronfman, Professor of History University of British Columbia In the years following Cuba&#8217;s independence, nationalists aimed to transcend racial categories in order to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1649,11,21,459,1467,8,17,394],"tags":[8378,673,8379,8381,8380,8382,667],"class_list":["post-18419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","category-books","category-latincarib","category-history","category-law","category-media-archive","category-monographs","category-socialscience","tag-alejandra-bronfman","tag-cuba","tag-fernando-ortiz","tag-gustavo-urrutia","tag-israel-castellanos","tag-nicolas-guillen","tag-university-of-north-carolina-press"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18419"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46151,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18419\/revisions\/46151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}