{"id":19144,"date":"2011-12-20T03:58:50","date_gmt":"2011-12-20T03:58:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=19144"},"modified":"2011-12-20T04:19:49","modified_gmt":"2011-12-20T04:19:49","slug":"to-the-whites-all-africans-who-were-not-of-pure-blood-were-gens-de-couleur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=19144","title":{"rendered":"To the whites, all Africans who were not of pure blood were gens de couleur&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>To the whites, all Africans who were not of pure blood were <em>gens de couleur<\/em> [people of color]. Among themselves, however, there were jealous and fiercely-guarded distinctions: \u201cgriffes, briques, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=451\" target=\"_blank\">mulattoes<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=1144\" target=\"_blank\">quadroons<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=1146\" target=\"_blank\">octoroons<\/a>, each term meaning one degree\u2019s further transfiguration toward the Caucasian standard of physical perfection.\u201d<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Alice Dunbar-Nelson, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=19122\" target=\"_blank\">People of Color in Lousiana: Part I<\/a>,\u201d <em>The Journal of Negro History<\/em>, Volume 1, Number 4 (October 1916): 361.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To the whites, all Africans who were not of pure blood were gens de couleur [people of color]. Among themselves, however, there were jealous and fiercely-guarded distinctions: \u201cgriffes, briques, mulattoes, quadroons, octoroons, each term meaning one degree\u2019s further transfiguration toward the Caucasian standard of physical perfection.\u201d1 Alice Dunbar-Nelson, \u201cPeople of Color in Lousiana: Part I,\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[758,8818,6349],"class_list":["post-19144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-excerpts","tag-alice-dunbar-nelson","tag-journal-of-negro-history","tag-the-journal-of-negro-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19144\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}