{"id":19999,"date":"2012-01-20T04:00:05","date_gmt":"2012-01-20T04:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=19999"},"modified":"2012-01-20T04:00:05","modified_gmt":"2012-01-20T04:00:05","slug":"hla-class-i-variation-controlled-for-genetic-admixture-in-the-gila-river-indian-community-of-arizona-a-model-for-the-paleo-indians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=19999","title":{"rendered":"HLA class I variation controlled for genetic admixture in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona: A model for the Paleo-Indians"},"content":{"rendered":"

HLA class I variation controlled for genetic admixture in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona: A model for the Paleo-Indians<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Human Immunology<\/a>
\nVolume 33, Issue 1<\/a> (January 1992)
\nPages 39\u201346
\nDOI: 10.1016\/0198-8859(92)90050-W<\/a><\/p>\n

Robert C. Williams<\/strong>
\nHistocompatibility Laboratory, Blood Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona
\nDepartment of Anthropology, Arizona State University<\/em><\/p>\n

Joan E. McAuley<\/strong>
\nHistocompatibility Laboratory, Blood Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona<\/em><\/p>\n

The genetic distribution of the HLA<\/a> class I loci<\/a> is presented for 619 \u201cfull blooded\u201d Pima<\/a> and Tohono O’odham<\/a> Native Americans (Pimans) in the Gila River Indian Community<\/a>. Variation in the Pimans is highly restricted. There are only three polymorphic<\/a> alleles<\/a> at the HLA-A<\/a> locus, \u2217<\/sup>A2<\/a>, \u2217<\/sup>A24<\/a>, and \u2217<\/sup>A31<\/a>, and only 10 alleles with a frequency greater than 0.01 at HLA-B<\/a> where \u2217<\/sup>Bw48<\/a> (0.187), \u2217<\/sup>B35<\/a> (0.173), and the new epitope<\/a> \u2217<\/sup>BN21<\/a> (0.143) have the highest frequencies. Two and three locus disequilibria values and haplotype frequencies are presented. Ten three-locus haplotypes account for more than 50% of the class I variation, with \u2217<\/sup>A24 \u2217<\/sup>BN21 \u2217<\/sup>Cw3<\/a> (0.085) having the highest frequency. Gm allotypes<\/a> demonstrate that little admixture from non-Indian populations has entered the Community since the 17th century when Europeans first came to this area. As a consequence many alleles commonly found in Europeans and European Americans are efficient markers for Caucasian admixture, while the \u201cprivate\u201d Indian alleles, \u2217<\/sup>BN21 and \u2217<\/sup>Bw48, can be used to measure Native American admixture in Caucasian populations. It is suggested that this distribution in \u201cfull blooded\u201d Pimans approximates that of the Paleo-Indian migrants who first entered the Americas between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago.<\/p>\n

Purchase the article here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HLA class I variation controlled for genetic admixture in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona: A model for the Paleo-Indians Human Immunology Volume 33, Issue 1 (January 1992) Pages 39\u201346 DOI: 10.1016\/0198-8859(92)90050-W Robert C. Williams Histocompatibility Laboratory, Blood Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University Joan E. McAuley Histocompatibility Laboratory, Blood […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2039,8,3015,20],"tags":[9283,9286,9287,9284,9285],"class_list":["post-19999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-health-medicine","category-media-archive","category-native-americans","category-usa","tag-human-immunology","tag-joan-e-mcauley","tag-joan-mcauley","tag-robert-c-williams","tag-robert-williams"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19999\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}