{"id":20278,"date":"2012-01-31T02:50:29","date_gmt":"2012-01-31T02:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=20278"},"modified":"2012-01-31T02:50:29","modified_gmt":"2012-01-31T02:50:29","slug":"los-angeles-mayor-villaraigosa-honors-a-west-coast-black-seminole-leader","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=20278","title":{"rendered":"Los Angeles Mayor Villaraigosa Honors A West Coast Black Seminole Leader"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/content.yudu.com\/Library\/A1vbhe\/January2012IndianVoi\/resources\/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianvoices.net%2F\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Mayor Villaraigosa Honors A West Coast Black Seminole Leader<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.indianvoices.net\" target=\"_blank\">Indian Voices<\/a><br \/>\nJanuary 2012<br \/>\npages 7 &amp; 11<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Bruce Twyman<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On October 28th, 2011 Los Angeles Mayor <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Villaraigosa\" target=\"_blank\">Antonio Villaraigosa<\/a> honored the Native American community of Southern California by hosting the cities\u2019 annual American Indian Heritage Month celebration at city hall. A noteworthy and historical addition to this year\u2019s celebration was for the first time a Black Indian was invited. A representative of the Black Seminole, Phil Pompey Fixico attended the event. Webster\u2019s Dictionary defines heritage as something transmitted by or acquired from a\u00a0 predecessor. From the start of the European conquest and colonization of the Americas, there has been a symbiotic nexus between Black and Indian people. This nexus is variously reflected in culture, ancestry and law. Millions of Black Americans acknowledge this heritage. As a proud and active member of these millions, Fixico\u2019s selection is apropos.<\/p>\n<p>Black Americans awareness of their own personal Indian heritage ranges from precise knowledge to legendary rumors. Fixico\u2019s knowledge is precise and has been documented in the Smithsonian Institution publication, <em>Invisible-African Native American Lives in the Americas<\/em>, and in The Journal of the American Society for<em> Ethno-History<\/em>. As a Black Seminole, Fixico is a member of a people with a 200 year documented successful resistance to slavery in North America.<\/p>\n<p>Scholars and tribal members disagree to some extent about the precise origin of the Seminole people. Nonetheless the word Seminole has a genesis as a British corruption of the Spanish term Cimaron. Columbus referred to domesticated cattle which escaped from ranches as Cimarons; but, the term became fixed upon slaves who successfully resisted enslavement&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Read the entire article <a href=\"http:\/\/content.yudu.com\/Library\/A1vbhe\/January2012IndianVoi\/resources\/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianvoices.net%2F\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los Angeles Mayor Villaraigosa Honors A West Coast Black Seminole Leader Indian Voices January 2012 pages 7 &amp; 11 Dr. Bruce Twyman On October 28th, 2011 Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa honored the Native American community of Southern California by hosting the cities\u2019 annual American Indian Heritage Month celebration at city hall. A noteworthy and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,8,3015,20],"tags":[9450,9449,5562,5269],"class_list":["post-20278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-media-archive","category-native-americans","category-usa","tag-antonio-villaraigosa","tag-bruce-twyman","tag-indian-voices","tag-phil-wilkes-fixico"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20278\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}