{"id":22584,"date":"2012-04-21T16:31:55","date_gmt":"2012-04-21T16:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=22584"},"modified":"2012-04-21T16:33:15","modified_gmt":"2012-04-21T16:33:15","slug":"a-seminole-warrior-cloaked-in-defiance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=22584","title":{"rendered":"A Seminole Warrior Cloaked in Defiance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history-archaeology\/A-Seminole-Warrior-Cloaked-in-Defiance.html\" target=\"_blank\">A Seminole Warrior Cloaked in Defiance<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\" target=\"_blank\">Smithsonian Magazine<\/a><br \/>\nOctober 2010<\/p>\n<p><strong>Owen Edwards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>A pair of woven, beaded garters reflects the spirit of Seminole warrior Osceola<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Infinity of nations,\u201d a new permanent exhibition encompassing nearly 700 works of indigenous art from North, Central and South America, opens October 23 at the George Gustav Heye Center in New York City, part of the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI). The objects include a pair of woven, beaded garters worn by Billy Powell of the Florida <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole\" target=\"_blank\">Seminole tribe<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nBilly Powell is hardly a household name. But his Seminole designation\u2014<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osceola\" target=\"_blank\">Osceola<\/a>\u2014resonates in the annals of Native American history and the nation\u2019s folklore. Celebrated by writers, studied by scholars, he was a charismatic war leader who staunchly resisted the uprooting of the Seminoles by the U.S. government; the garters testify to his sartorial style.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nBorn in Tallassee, Alabama, in 1804, Powell (hereafter Osceola) was of mixed blood. His father is thought to have been an English trader named William Powell, though his\u00adtorian Patricia R. Wickman, author of Osceola\u2019s Legacy, believes he may have been a Creek Indian who died soon after Osceola was born. His mother was part Muscogee and part Caucasian. At some point, likely around 1814, when he and his mother moved to Florida to live among Creeks and Seminoles, Osceola began to insist he was a pure-blood Indian.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u201cHe identified himself as an Indian,\u201d says C\u00e9cile Ganteaume, an NMAI curator and organizer of the \u201cInfinity of Nations\u201d exhibition&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;\u201cHe was a bit flamboyant,\u201d says historian <a href=\"https:\/\/webapp4.asu.edu\/directory\/person\/472315\" target=\"_blank\">Donald L. Fixico<\/a> of Arizona State University, who is working on a book about Osceola. \u201cSomeone in his situation\u2014a man of mixed blood living among pure-blood Seminoles\u2014would have to try hard to prove himself as a leader and a warrior. He wanted to draw attention to himself by dressing in a finer way.\u201d&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Read the entire article <a href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history-archaeology\/A-Seminole-Warrior-Cloaked-in-Defiance.html\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Seminole Warrior Cloaked in Defiance Smithsonian Magazine October 2010 Owen Edwards A pair of woven, beaded garters reflects the spirit of Seminole warrior Osceola Infinity of nations,\u201d a new permanent exhibition encompassing nearly 700 works of indigenous art from North, Central and South America, opens October 23 at the George Gustav Heye Center in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1245,459,8,3015,20],"tags":[10480,3707,10481,10479,10478],"class_list":["post-22584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-biography","category-history","category-media-archive","category-native-americans","category-usa","tag-billy-powell","tag-florida","tag-osceola","tag-owen-edwards","tag-smithsonian-magazine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22584\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}