{"id":22666,"date":"2012-04-25T01:05:30","date_gmt":"2012-04-25T01:05:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=22666"},"modified":"2017-04-08T22:01:25","modified_gmt":"2017-04-08T22:01:25","slug":"the-vigorous-core-of-our-nationality-race-and-regional-identity-in-northeastern-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=22666","title":{"rendered":"The Vigorous Core of Our Nationality: Race and Regional Identity in Northeastern Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\/BookDetails.aspx?bookId=36204\" target=\"_blank\">The Vigorous Core of Our Nationality: Race and Regional Identity in Northeastern Brazil<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\" target=\"_blank\">University of Pittsburgh Press<\/a><br \/>\nMarch 2011<br \/>\n328 pages<br \/>\n6 x 9<br \/>\nPaper ISBN: 9780822961338<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lima.ohio-state.edu\/history\/live%20pages\/faculty%20pages\/Blake.html\" target=\"_blank\">Stanley E. Blake<\/a><\/strong>, Assistant Professor of History<br \/>\n<em>Ohio State University, Lima<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\/BookDetails.aspx?bookId=36204\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/I\/51%2Bx52Oj2KL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>The Vigorous Core of Our Nationality<\/em> explores conceptualizations of regional identity and a distinct population group known as <em>nordestinos<\/em> in <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northeast_Region,_Brazil\" target=\"_blank\">northeastern Brazil<\/a> during a crucial historical period. Beginning with the abolition of slavery and ending with the demise of the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vargas_Era\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Estado Novo<\/em><\/a> under <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas\" target=\"_blank\">Get\u00falio Vargas<\/a>, Stanley E. Blake offers original perspectives on the paradoxical concept of the <em>nordestino<\/em> and the importance of these debates to the process of state and nation building. Since colonial times, the Northeast has been an agricultural region based primarily on sugar production. The area\u2019s population was composed of former slaves and free men of African descent, indigenous Indians, European whites, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=451\" target=\"_blank\">mulattos<\/a>. The image of the <em>nordestino<\/em> was, for many years, linked with the predominant ethnic group in the region, the Afro-Brazilian. For political reasons, however, the conception of the <em>nordestino <\/em>later changed to more closely resemble white Europeans. Blake delves deeply into local archives and determines that politicians, intellectuals, and other urban professionals formulated identities based on theories of science, biomedicine, race, and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Darwinism\" target=\"_blank\">social Darwinism<\/a>. While these ideas served political, social, and economic agendas, they also inspired debates over social justice and led to reforms for both the region and the people. Additionally, Blake shows how debates over northeastern identity and the concept of the <em>nordestino<\/em> shaped similar arguments about Brazilian national identity and \u201ctrue\u201d Brazilian people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preface<\/li>\n<li>1. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\/htmlSourceFiles\/pdfs\/9780822961338exr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Introduction: <em>Nordeste<\/em> and Nation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2. The Nineteenth-Century Origins of the <em>Nordestino<\/em>, 1850\u20131870<\/li>\n<li>3. Racial Science in <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pernambuco\" target=\"_blank\">Pernambuco<\/a>, 1870\u20131910<\/li>\n<li>4. The Medicalization of <em>Nordestinos<\/em>, 1910\u20131925<\/li>\n<li>5. Social Hygiene: The Science of Reform, 1925\u20131940<\/li>\n<li>6. Mental Hygiene: The Science of Character, 1925\u20131940<\/li>\n<li>7. Inventing the <em>Homem de Nordeste<\/em>: Race, Region, and the State, 1925\u20131940<\/li>\n<li><em>Notes<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Glossary<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Bibliography<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Index<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In 1921, a future Brazilian bureaucrat named Agamemnon Magalh\u00e3es asserted in a thesis written for an academic appointment that the northeastern region of Brazil was \u201ca distinct \u2018habitat,\u2019 characterized by the rigor of its ecological conditions. Nature is reflected in man, imprinting his features, sculpting his form, forming his spirit.\u201d Magalh\u00e3es wrote about the Northeast and <em>nordestinos<\/em>, as peoples of the region were called, as if they had long been thought of as a distinct political and geographic region and people. This was most certainly not the case. Just six years before, in 1915, Brazilian geographers had gathered in <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recife\" target=\"_blank\">Recife<\/a>, the capital of the northeastern state of Pernambuco, for the Fourth Brazilian Congress of Geography. In the official sessions and papers presented there, geographers referred only to the \u201cstates of the North,\u201d the \u201cproblem of the North,\u201d and the \u201cdroughts of the North.\u201d Magalh\u00e3es also employed climatic, geographic, and racial determinism to describe <em>nordestinos<\/em>, calling them the product of interaction between rugged terrain, a harsh climate, and European, Indian, and African cultural and racial influences. Furthermore, he considered the peoples of the region to be \u201cthe producers of Brazilian nationality.\u201d <strong>In other words, for Magalh\u00e3es, the mixed-race <em>nordestino<\/em> was the quintessential Brazilian.<\/strong> This notion ran contrary to conventional wisdom. During <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Brazilian_Republic\" target=\"_blank\">Brazil\u2019s First Republic<\/a> (1889\u20131930), intellectuals and politicians advanced new understandings of Brazilian national identity that idealized European immigration and racial whitening&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Read the Introduction <a href=\"http:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\/htmlSourceFiles\/pdfs\/9780822961338exr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;The Vigorous Core of Our Nationality&#8221; explores conceptualizations of regional identity and a distinct population group known as nordestinos in northeastern Brazil during a crucial historical period.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1649,11,83,21,459,125,8,17],"tags":[10522,10521,1781],"class_list":["post-22666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","category-books","category-brazil","category-latincarib","category-history","category-identitydevelopment","category-media-archive","category-monographs","tag-stanley-blake","tag-stanley-e-blake","tag-university-of-pittsburgh-press"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22666"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53324,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22666\/revisions\/53324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}