{"id":25282,"date":"2012-09-09T22:00:41","date_gmt":"2012-09-09T22:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=25282"},"modified":"2012-09-09T22:00:41","modified_gmt":"2012-09-09T22:00:41","slug":"%e2%80%9cvulnerable%e2%80%9d-populations%e2%80%94medicine-race-and-presumptions-of-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=25282","title":{"rendered":"\u201cVulnerable\u201d Populations\u2014Medicine, Race, and Presumptions of Identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/virtualmentor.ama-assn.org\/2011\/02\/msoc1-1102.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cVulnerable\u201d Populations\u2014Medicine, Race, and Presumptions of Identity<\/a><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/virtualmentor.org\" target=\"_blank\">Virtual Mentor: American Medical Association Journal of Ethics<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/virtualmentor.ama-assn.org\/2011\/02\/toc-1102.html\" target=\"_blank\">Volume 13, Number 2<\/a> (February 2011)<br \/>\npages 124-127<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.karlaholloway.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Karla F. C. Holloway<\/a><\/strong>, Ph.D., MLS, James B. Duke Professor of English and Professor of Law<br \/>\n<em>Duke University, Durham, North Carolina<\/em><\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the twentieth century, renowned sociologist <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._E._B._Du_Bois\" target=\"_blank\">William E. B. Du Bois<\/a> warned that \u201cthe problem of the twentieth century\u201d would be \u201cthe problem of the color line\u201d. I suspect that Du Bois would not have imagined that this color line would be as enigmatic and troubling in the twenty-first century. But the fact is that today\u2019s issues of race and identity reveal an arguably more complicated terrain. To illustrate this point, consider the background of the following patients.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ms. A\u2019s father is Nigerian and her mother is British.<\/li>\n<li>Ms. B\u2019s mother and father are both from Jamaica. She has lived in the United States since birth.<\/li>\n<li>Ms. C\u2019s parents were both born in the United States. Her father is from Detroit\u2019s inner-city and her mother is white.<\/li>\n<li>Ms. D\u2019s parents were born in Ghana and South Africa.<\/li>\n<li>Ms. E, who has curly blond hair, fair skin and green eyes, has checked the box for \u201cblack or African-American\u201d on her medical history form. She was adopted at birth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In fact, each of these patients has checked that same box\u2014\u201cblack or African American\u201d\u2014on their patient history forms. What does this tell us?&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;The black folk whose souls Du Bois worried over in 1903 had a peculiar history of visibility and vulnerability. It is a history replete with narratives about medical care of lesser quality and exploitation sutured to institutionalized racial biases and stereotypes. When contemporary medicine takes up the category of race as a biologic rather than a social indicator, it ignores the complexity that is resident in \u201cAfrican American communities.\u201d A community-based medicine or research ethic cannot escape this history of identity and vulnerability and the significant variables that accompany the experience of race. This is not an occasion when new and good intentions erase the impact of past bad acts. Language has a habit of entanglement&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Read the entire article in <a href=\"http:\/\/virtualmentor.ama-assn.org\/2011\/02\/msoc1-1102.html\" target=\"_blank\">HTML<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/virtualmentor.ama-assn.org\/2011\/02\/pdf\/msoc1-1102.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">PDF<\/a> format.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cVulnerable\u201d Populations\u2014Medicine, Race, and Presumptions of Identity \u00a0 Virtual Mentor: American Medical Association Journal of Ethics Volume 13, Number 2 (February 2011) pages 124-127 Karla F. C. Holloway, Ph.D., MLS, James B. Duke Professor of English and Professor of Law Duke University, Durham, North Carolina At the beginning of the twentieth century, renowned sociologist William [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2039,8,394,20],"tags":[11799,11798,11797],"class_list":["post-25282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-health-medicine","category-media-archive","category-socialscience","category-usa","tag-karla-f-c-holloway","tag-virtual-mentor","tag-virtual-mentor-american-medical-association-journal-of-ethics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25282\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}