{"id":26677,"date":"2012-11-25T05:39:48","date_gmt":"2012-11-25T05:39:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=26677"},"modified":"2012-11-25T05:49:25","modified_gmt":"2012-11-25T05:49:25","slug":"donas-signares-and-free-women-of-color-african-and-eurafrican-women-of-the-atlantic-world-in-an-age-of-racial-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=26677","title":{"rendered":"Donas, Signares, and Free Women of Color: African and Eurafrican Women of the Atlantic World in an Age of Racial Slavery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/aha.confex.com\/aha\/2013\/webprogram\/Session8540.html\" target=\"_blank\">Donas, Signares, and Free Women of Color: African and Eurafrican Women of the Atlantic World in an Age of Racial Slavery<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historians.org\/annual\/2013\/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">127th Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association<\/a><br \/>\nNew Orleans, Louisiana<br \/>\n2013-01-03 through 2013-01-06<\/p>\n<p>AHA Session 153<br \/>\nSaturday, 2013-01-05: 09:00-11:00 CST (Local Time)<br \/>\nChamber Ballroom II (Roosevelt New Orleans)<\/p>\n<p>Chair: <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.history.umd.edu\/Bio\/jones.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hilary Jones<\/a><\/strong>, <em>University of Maryland, College Park<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Papers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/aha.confex.com\/aha\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper11403.html\" target=\"_blank\">Reevaluating Saint Louis&#8217; Infamous Signares, 1700\u20131850<\/a>\u201d \/ <a href=\"http:\/\/history.msu.edu\/people\/graduate-students\/lindsey-gish-2\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Lindsey Gish<\/strong><\/a>, <em>Michigan State University<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/aha.confex.com\/aha\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper11397.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u2018The Christened Mulatresses\u2019: Interracial Marriage in a Slave Trading Town on the Gold Coast<\/a>\u201d \/ <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/history.wisc.edu\/people\/faculty\/ipsen.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Pernille Ipsen<\/a><\/strong>, <em>University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/aha.confex.com\/aha\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper11402.html\" target=\"_blank\">Strategies of Power: Luso-African Donas of Nineteenth-Century Luanda<\/a>\u201d \/ <strong><a href=\"mailto:vsol@yorku.ca\" target=\"_blank\">Vanessa S. Oliveira<\/a><\/strong>, <em>York University<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/aha.confex.com\/aha\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper11393.html\" target=\"_blank\">Free African and Eurafrican Women and the Trading Companies of the French Atlantic<\/a>\u201d \/ <a href=\"mailto:jmjohnso@umd.edu\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Jessica Marie Johnson<\/strong><\/a>, <em>Michigan State University<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Comment: <strong><a href=\"mailto:lsemley@holycross.edu\" target=\"_blank\">Lorelle D. Semley<\/a><\/strong>, <em>College of the Holy Cross<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the age of the Atlantic Slave Trade, African and Eurafrican women emerged as intermediaries between foreign traders and local populations. Europeans\u2019 lack of knowledge in African languages, trade networks, local culture, social structures and political institutions provided African and Eurafrican women a unique opportunity to become cultural and economic brokers.\u00a0 Portuguese adventurers on the coast of West Africa first named these women \u201csenhoras\u201d in the 16th century. Although Portuguese men coined the term, they were not the only Europeans to name and have socio-economic relationships with African and Eurafrican women. Over time each European group made the original Portuguese term their own: in Crioulo it became \u201cnhara\u201d, in French \u201csignare\u201d, in English \u201csenora\u201d, and \u201cdona\u201d among the Portuguese of Central Africa.\u00a0 These \u2018middle-women\u201d surfaced all along the coast of Africa from the Senegambia to Mozambique between the 15th and the 20th centuries, although the most famous of these women were found in the port cities of Bathurst, Benguela, Bissao, Cacheu, Goree, Joal, Luanda, Osu, Portudal, Rufisque and Saint Louis. These women formed a distinct group within African and Afro-Atlantic society during an age of racial slavery, but the duration and trajectory of their lives varied across time and place.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDonas, Signares &amp; Free Women of Color\u201d gathers scholars working on female African and Eurafrican entrepreneurs, brokers, and partners who allied with Portuguese, Spanish, French and Danish men in one specific enclave of Africa or the Americas. Together these four papers will question what made these women unique, how different European powers perceived them, if and how partnering with one particular European power over another influenced these women, and how their actions were shaped by their local environments. Panelists\u2019 papers will also explore the trans-regional and trans-Atlantic connections between women in each society, drawing on comparative frameworks to interrogate the similarities and differences between each group. By exploring the individual stories of African and Eurafrican \u201cmiddle-women\u201d across the Atlantic world, this panel will move the scholarship beyond exoticism and generalizations. The panel\u2019s ultimate goal is to determine if these women can and should be discussed as a coherent collective group throughout the Atlantic World or if scholars should continue to examine each group separately.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Donas, Signares, and Free Women of Color: African and Eurafrican Women of the Atlantic World in an Age of Racial Slavery 127th Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association New Orleans, Louisiana 2013-01-03 through 2013-01-06 AHA Session 153 Saturday, 2013-01-05: 09:00-11:00 CST (Local Time) Chamber Ballroom II (Roosevelt New Orleans) Chair: Hilary Jones, University of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1295,459,13,14,6940,25],"tags":[12814,1730,4779,12880,12879,12878,12874,12872,12873,6546,12875,7984,12877,12876],"class_list":["post-26677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-africa","category-history","category-liveevents","category-papers","category-slavery","category-women","tag-127th-annual-meeting-of-the-american-historical-association","tag-american-historical-association","tag-hilary-jones","tag-jessica-johnson","tag-jessica-m-johnson","tag-jessica-marie-johnson","tag-lindsey-gish","tag-lorelle-d-semley","tag-lorelle-semley","tag-mozambique","tag-pernille-ipsen","tag-senegambia","tag-vanessa-oliveira","tag-vanessa-s-oliveira"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26677"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26677\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}