{"id":39575,"date":"2015-01-20T20:05:56","date_gmt":"2015-01-20T20:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=39575"},"modified":"2015-11-02T01:40:55","modified_gmt":"2015-11-02T01:40:55","slug":"the-fluidity-of-race-passing-in-the-united-states-1880-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=39575","title":{"rendered":"The Fluidity of Race: &#8220;Passing&#8221; in the United States, 1880-1940"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3386\/w20828\" target=\"_blank\"><em><strong>The Fluidity of Race: &#8220;Passing&#8221; in the United States, 1880-1940<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nber.org\" target=\"_blank\">The National Bureau of Economic Research<\/a><br \/>\nNBER Working Paper No. 20828<br \/>\nJanuary 2015<br \/>\n76 pages<br \/>\nDOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3386\/w20828\" target=\"_blank\">10.3386\/w20828<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/isps.yale.edu\/team\/emily-nix\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Emily Nix<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nDepartment of Economics<br \/>\n<em>Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/economics.yale.edu\/people\/nancy-qian\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Nancy Qian<\/strong><\/a>, Associate Professor of Economics<br \/>\n<em>Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This paper quantifies the extent to which individuals experience changes in reported racial identity in the historical U.S. context. Using the full population of historical Censuses for 1880-1940, we document that over 19% of black males \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=5864\" target=\"_blank\">passed<\/a>\u201d for white at some point during their lifetime, around 10% of whom later \u201creverse-passed\u201d to being black; passing was accompanied by geographic relocation to communities with a higher percentage of whites and occurred the most in Northern states. The evidence suggests that passing was positively associated with better political-economic and social opportunities for whites relative to blacks. As such, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/endogenous\" target=\"_blank\">endogenous<\/a> race is likely to be a quantitatively important phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p>Read or purchase the paper <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w20828\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Fluidity of Race: &#8220;Passing&#8221; in the United States, 1880-1940 The National Bureau of Economic Research NBER Working Paper No. 20828 January 2015 76 pages DOI: 10.3386\/w20828 Emily Nix Department of Economics Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Nancy Qian, Associate Professor of Economics Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut This paper quantifies the extent to which [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,14647,8,14,6462,20],"tags":[19117,19118,7630,19116,19115],"class_list":["post-39575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-census","category-economics","category-media-archive","category-papers","category-passing-2","category-usa","tag-emily-nix","tag-nancy-qian","tag-national-bureau-of-economic-research","tag-nber","tag-the-national-bureau-of-economic-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39575"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43684,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39575\/revisions\/43684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}