{"id":40147,"date":"2015-02-27T02:28:52","date_gmt":"2015-02-27T02:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=40147"},"modified":"2022-03-15T21:02:17","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T21:02:17","slug":"pigmentocracies-educational-inequality-skin-color-and-census-ethnoracial-identification-in-eight-latin-american-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=40147","title":{"rendered":"Pigmentocracies: Educational Inequality, Skin Color and Census Ethnoracial Identification in Eight Latin American Countries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rssm.2015.02.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Pigmentocracies: Educational Inequality, Skin Color and Census Ethnoracial Identification in Eight Latin American Countries<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/journal\/02765624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research in Social Stratification and Mobility<\/a><br \/>\nAvailable online: 2015-02-25<br \/>\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rssm.2015.02.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.rssm.2015.02.002<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.princeton.edu\/faculty\/edward-telles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Edward Telles<\/strong><\/a>, Professor of Sociology<br \/>\n<em>Princeton University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/healthpolicyscholars.org\/ren%C3%A9-flores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ren\u00e9 Flores<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<em>University of Washington<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/socioeconomia.univalle.edu.co\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49:urrea-giraldo-fernando&amp;catid=17:profesor-ciencias-sociales&amp;Itemid=129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Fernando Urrea Giraldo<\/strong><\/a>, Professor of Sociology<br \/>\n<em>Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rssm.2015.02.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0276562415X00023-cov200h.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We use two measures of race and ethnicity \u2013 ethnoracial self-identification as used by national censuses and interviewer \u2013rated skin color to examine educational inequality in eight <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_America\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin American<\/a> countries: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolivia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bolivia<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brazil<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colombia<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominican_Republic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dominican Republic<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ecuador<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guatemala<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexico<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peru<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>We find that inequality based on skin color is more consistent and robust than inequality based on census ethnoracial identification.<\/li>\n<li>Census ethnoracial identification often provided inconsistent results especially regarding the afro-descendant populations of Colombia, Ecuador and the Dominican Republic.<\/li>\n<li>Skin color inequality was particularly great in Bolivia and Guatemala.<\/li>\n<li>Parental occupation, a proxy for class origins, is also robust and positively associated with educational attainment.<\/li>\n<li>In other words, both class and race, especially as measured by skin color, predicts educational inequality in Latin America.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For the first time, most Latin American censuses ask respondents to self-identify by race or ethnicity allowing researchers to examine long-ignored ethnoracial inequalities. However, reliance on census ethnoracial categories could poorly capture the manifestation(s) of race that lead to inequality in the region, because of classificatory ambiguity and within-category racial or color <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/heterogeneity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heterogeneity<\/a>. To overcome this, we modeled the relation of both interviewer-rated skin color and census ethnoracial categories with educational inequality using innovative data from the 2010 America&#8217;s Barometer from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanderbilt.edu\/lapop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin American Public Opinion Project<\/a> (LAPOP) and 2010 surveys from the <a href=\"https:\/\/perla.princeton.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America<\/a> (PERLA) for eight Latin American countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru). We found that darker skin color was negatively and consistently related to schooling in all countries, with and without extensive controls. Indigenous and black self-identification was also negatively related to schooling, though not always at a statistically significant and robust level like skin color. In contrast, results for self-identified <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mulattos<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mestizo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mestizos<\/a> and whites were inconsistent and often counter to the expected racial hierarchy, suggesting that skin color measures often capture racial inequalities that census measures miss.<\/p>\n<p>Read the entire article <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0276562415000177\/pdfft?md5=222c3711008385cde4357bc922c0de9d&amp;pid=1-s2.0-S0276562415000177-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pigmentocracies: Educational Inequality, Skin Color and Census Ethnoracial Identification in Eight Latin American Countries Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Available online: 2015-02-25 DOI: 10.1016\/j.rssm.2015.02.002 Edward Telles, Professor of Sociology Princeton University Ren\u00e9 Flores University of Washington Fernando Urrea Giraldo, Professor of Sociology Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia Highlights We use two measures of race [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,83,21,33,8,103,394],"tags":[1642,1865,3468,675,1893,19435,1489,19434,19433,10885,674,13934,13935,19436],"class_list":["post-40147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-brazil","category-latincarib","category-census","category-media-archive","category-mexico","category-socialscience","tag-bolivia","tag-colombia","tag-dominican-republic","tag-ecuador","tag-edward-telles","tag-fernando-urrea-giraldo","tag-guatemala","tag-lapop","tag-latin-american-public-opinion-project","tag-perla","tag-peru","tag-project-on-ethnicity-and-race-in-latin-america","tag-rene-flores","tag-research-in-social-stratification-and-mobility"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40147"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63421,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40147\/revisions\/63421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}