{"id":45414,"date":"2016-01-27T17:17:30","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T17:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=45414"},"modified":"2016-01-27T17:17:30","modified_gmt":"2016-01-27T17:17:30","slug":"white-earth-members-approve-new-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=45414","title":{"rendered":"White Earth members approve new constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.startribune.com\/white-earth-members-approve-new-constitution\/232772551\/\" target=\"_blank\">White Earth members approve new constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.startribune.com\" target=\"_blank\">The Minneapolis Star Tribune<\/a><br \/>\n2013-11-21<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/pamlouwagie\" target=\"_blank\">Pam Louwagie<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>New constitution does away with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_quantum_laws\" target=\"_blank\">blood quantum rule<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In a historic vote that could vastly increase their membership, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Earth_Band_of_Ojibwe\" target=\"_blank\">White Earth Band of Ojibwe<\/a> members have overwhelmingly approved a new constitution.<\/p>\n<p>The new document removes a requirement that tribal citizens possess one-quarter <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota_Chippewa_Tribe\" target=\"_blank\">Minnesota Chippewa Tribe<\/a> blood, a controversial &#8220;blood quantum&#8221; standard adopted at the urging of the federal government decades ago. Under the new constitution, White Earth&#8217;s declining citizenship will instead be based on lineal descent.<\/p>\n<p>The change could mean more than doubling the population, which now stands at under 20,000.<\/p>\n<p>According to ballots counted Tuesday night, nearly 80 percent of the nearly 3,500 votes cast approved of adopting a new constitution, which in addition to changing citizenship standards will create a tribal government with three branches and a separation of powers instead of one tribal council overseeing everything.<\/p>\n<p>The old citizenship standard was divisive among families, with some members having children or grandchildren who couldn&#8217;t become citizens, said <a href=\"http:\/\/www.d.umn.edu\/~umdais\/main\/Doerfler.php\" target=\"_blank\">Jill Doerfler<\/a>, associate professor of American Indian studies at the University of Minnesota Duluth. Lineage citizenship won&#8217;t be automatic, however. People will still need to apply to become citizens, said Doerfler, who consulted with the tribe on reforming the constitution&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Read the entire article <a href=\"http:\/\/www.startribune.com\/white-earth-members-approve-new-constitution\/232772551\/\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>White Earth members approve new constitution The Minneapolis Star Tribune 2013-11-21 Pam Louwagie New constitution does away with blood quantum rule. In a historic vote that could vastly increase their membership, White Earth Band of Ojibwe members have overwhelmingly approved a new constitution. The new document removes a requirement that tribal citizens possess one-quarter Minnesota [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1467,8,3015,20],"tags":[22827,7554,22831,5703,22828,22825,22829,22830,22826],"class_list":["post-45414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-law","category-media-archive","category-native-americans","category-usa","tag-jill-doerfler","tag-matthew-l-m-fletcher","tag-minneapolis-star-tribune","tag-minnesota","tag-minnesota-chippewa-tribe","tag-pam-louwagie","tag-terry-janis","tag-the-minneapolis-star-tribune","tag-white-earth-band-of-ojibwe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45415,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45414\/revisions\/45415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}