{"id":48684,"date":"2016-08-16T01:13:51","date_gmt":"2016-08-16T01:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=48684"},"modified":"2016-08-16T01:13:51","modified_gmt":"2016-08-16T01:13:51","slug":"notwithstanding-the-japanese-governments-constructive-postwar-attempts-to-enforce-equality-for-mixed-blood-children-at-the-japanese-elementary-school-level-the-fact-that","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=48684","title":{"rendered":"Notwithstanding the Japanese government\u2019s (constructive) postwar attempts to enforce equality for \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d at the Japanese elementary school level, the fact that \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d were officially categorized, \u201cothered,\u201d and singled out for differential treatment on an official level in fact invited more attention to the issue of blood in Japanese society."},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>What [Robert] Fish overlooks is Japan\u2019s policymaking process of embedding racism through \u201ctypifying race.\u201d That is to say, how the acceptance and normalization of differentiation (i.e., the assumption that \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d <em>are<\/em> different because they <em>look<\/em> different) in fact legitimizes and systematizes racism (this is why scholars of racism generally do not use generic racialized categorizations such as \u201cBlack\u201d, \u201cWhite\u201d, \u201cAsian\u201d etc. without proper problematization and contextualization). In fact, as argued earlier, the racialization process need not involve biological \u201crace\u201d at all: the act of differentiating, \u201cothering,\u201d and subordinating can be due to any physical marker that has a social stigma attached to it (e.g., hair textures, narrower eyes, cleft palates, skin blemishes). Notwithstanding the Japanese government\u2019s (constructive) postwar attempts to enforce equality for \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d at the Japanese elementary school level, the fact that \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d were officially categorized, \u201cothered,\u201d and singled out for differential treatment on an official level in fact invited more attention to the issue of blood in Japanese society. In effect, especially in an atmosphere of impressionable youths like a schoolyard, this typification could in fact have created and reinforced mixed-bloodedness as a stigma, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that encouraged the very racialization that government policies were trying to avoid. Thus the sociology of racism itself should have been more fully problematized and discussed in Fish\u2019s research.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Debito Arudou, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=48671\" target=\"_blank\">Japan\u2019s Under-Researched Visible Minorities: Applying Critical Race Theory to Racialization Dynamics in a Non-White Society<\/a>,\u201d <em>Washington University Global Studies Law Review<\/em>, Volume 14, Issue 4: Global Perspectives on Colorism (Symposium Edition), 2015. 706. <a href=\"http:\/\/openscholarship.wustl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552&amp;context=law_globalstudies\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/openscholarship.wustl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552&amp;context=law_globalstudies<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What [Robert] Fish overlooks is Japan\u2019s policymaking process of embedding racism through \u201ctypifying race.\u201d That is to say, how the acceptance and normalization of differentiation (i.e., the assumption that \u201cmixed-blood children\u201d are different because they look different) in fact legitimizes and systematizes racism (this is why scholars of racism generally do not use generic racialized [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[24750,1793,24759,24751],"class_list":["post-48684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-excerpts","tag-debito-arudou","tag-japan","tag-robert-fish","tag-washington-university-global-studies-law-review"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48684"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48685,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48684\/revisions\/48685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}