{"id":54443,"date":"2017-11-09T03:20:39","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T03:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=54443"},"modified":"2017-11-09T03:21:37","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T03:21:37","slug":"hawaiian-by-birth-missionary-children-bicultural-identity-and-u-s-colonialism-in-the-pacific","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=54443","title":{"rendered":"Hawaiian by Birth: Missionary Children, Bicultural Identity, and U.S. Colonialism in the Pacific"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hawaiian by Birth: Missionary Children, Bicultural Identity, and U.S. Colonialism in the Pacific<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

University of Nebraska Press<\/a>
\nSeptember 2017
\n240 pages
\n21 photographs, 7 illustrations, 1 map, index
\nHardcover ISBN: 978-0-8032-8589-7<\/p>\n

Joy Schulz<\/strong><\/a>, Instructor of History
\nMetropolitan Community College, Omaha, Nebraska<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Twelve companies of American missionaries were sent to the Hawaiian Islands<\/a> between 1819 and 1848 with the goal of spreading American Christianity and New England<\/a> values. By the 1850s American missionary families in the islands had birthed more than 250 white children, considered Hawaiian subjects by the indigenous monarchy<\/a> and U.S. citizens by missionary parents. In Hawaiian by Birth<\/em> Joy Schulz explores\u00a0the tensions\u00a0among\u00a0the competing parental, cultural, and educational interests affecting these children and, in turn, the impact the children had on nineteenth-century U.S. foreign policy.<\/p>\n

These children of white missionaries would eventually alienate themselves from the Hawaiian monarchy<\/a> and indigenous population by securing disproportionate economic and political power. Their childhoods\u2014complicated by both Hawaiian and American influences\u2014led to significant political and international ramifications once the children reached adulthood.\u00a0Almost none chose to follow their parents into the missionary profession, and many rejected the Christian faith.\u00a0Almost all supported the annexation of Hawai\u2018i<\/a> despite their parents\u2019 hope that the islands would remain independent.<\/p>\n

Whether the missionary children moved to the U.S. mainland, stayed in the islands, or traveled the world, they took with them a sense of racial privilege and cultural superiority. Schulz adds children\u2019s voices to the historical record with this first comprehensive study\u00a0of the white children born in the Hawaiian Islands between 1820 and 1850 and their path toward political revolution.<\/p>\n

Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n