{"id":8628,"date":"2010-08-31T04:29:21","date_gmt":"2010-08-31T04:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=8628"},"modified":"2016-11-02T17:19:28","modified_gmt":"2016-11-02T17:19:28","slug":"university-racial-quotas-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=8628","title":{"rendered":"University Racial Quotas in Brazil&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>At the federal university in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" target=\"_blank\">Brazil\u2019s<\/a> capital city, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bras%C3%ADlia\" target=\"_blank\">Bras\u00edlia<\/a>, a special committee was constituted in 2004 to evaluate the application file photographs of self-classified <em>negros<\/em> (read \u201cblacks\u201d or \u201cAfro-Brazilians\u201d) applying to the university via a new racial quota system. <strong>An anthropologist, a sociologist, a student representative, and three negro movement actors make up that committee, and their identities are kept <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latin-dictionary.org\/Sub_secreto\" target=\"_blank\"><em>sub secreto<\/em><\/a> (Maio and Santos 2005). If the committee does not consider a candidate to be a <em>negro <\/em>or <em>negra<\/em>, then he or she is disqualified.<\/strong> The applicant can, however, appeal the decision and appear in person before the committee to contest his or her racial classification (Universidade de Bras\u00edlia 2004). The State University of Mato Grosso do Sul has also adopted the use of photographs and a verification committee for a racial quota system (UEMS 2004). At that institution, the committee is made up of two university representatives and three <em>negro<\/em> movement actors (Corr\u00eaa 2003).<\/p>\n<p>This unusual <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modus_operandi\" target=\"_blank\">modus operandi<\/a> highlights a period of instability in racial categories, associated with a novel phase in the political struggle for identity and inclusion by the Brazilian <em>negro<\/em> movement. Through a multifaceted process, but without disruptive protest or mass mobilizations, the movement has successfully pressured state actors to mandate negro inclusion in higher education and to encode that legislation with language emic to the movement. The label <em>negro<\/em> is not an official census term; the Brazilian state has for well over a century used a ternary, or three-category, format to represent the black-white color continuum that includes an intermediate or mixed-race category. In contrast, <em>negro<\/em> is part of a dichotomous racial scheme, counterposed to white, whose novelty in official contexts leads to the thorny issue of defining its boundaries. Nonetheless, some 30 Brazilian public universities have already adopted race-targeted policies (Ribeiro 2007).\u00a0 Moreover, legislation is now before the national congress mandating that all federal universities adopt racial quotas\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Stanley R. Bailey, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/?p=474\" target=\"_blank\">Unmixing for Race Making in Brazil<\/a>,\u201d <em>American Journal of Sociology<\/em>. (Volume 114, Number 3, 2008): 577\u2013614.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At the federal university in Brazil\u2019s capital city, Bras\u00edlia, a special committee was constituted in 2004 to evaluate the application file photographs of self-classified negros (read \u201cblacks\u201d or \u201cAfro-Brazilians\u201d) applying to the university via a new racial quota system. An anthropologist, a sociologist, a student representative, and three negro movement actors make up that committee, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[440,3018,199],"class_list":["post-8628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-excerpts","tag-american-journal-of-sociology","tag-stanley-bailey","tag-stanley-r-bailey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8628"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49715,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8628\/revisions\/49715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}