{"id":9194,"date":"2010-09-26T19:48:55","date_gmt":"2010-09-26T19:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedracestudies.org\/wordpress\/?p=9194"},"modified":"2021-12-06T16:53:16","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T16:53:16","slug":"african-creeks-estelvste-and-the-creek-nation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/?p=9194","title":{"rendered":"African Creeks: Estelvste and the Creek Nation"},"content":{"rendered":"

African Creeks: Estelvste and the Creek Nation<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

University of Oklahoma Press<\/a>
\n2007
\n368 pages, 6″ x 9″
\nIllustrations: 15 color illustrations, 4 maps
\nHardcover ISBN: 9780806138152
\nPaperback ISBN: 9780806168951<\/p>\n

Gary Zellar<\/a><\/strong>, Assistant Professor of History
\nUniversity of Saskatchewan<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A narrative history of the African Creek community<\/em><\/p>\n

Among the Creeks<\/a>, they were known as Estelvste<\/em>\u2014black people\u2014and they had lived among them since the days of the first Spanish entradas. They spoke the same language as the Creeks, ate the same foods, and shared kinship ties. Their only difference was the color of their skin.<\/p>\n

This book tells how people of African heritage came to blend their lives with those of their Indian neighbors and essentially became Creek themselves. Taking in the full historical sweep of African Americans among the Creeks, from the sixteenth century through Oklahoma<\/a> statehood, Gary Zellar unfolds a narrative history of the many contributions these people made to Creek history.<\/p>\n

Drawing on a wealth of primary sources, Zellar reveals how African people functioned as warriors, interpreters, preachers, medicine men, and even slave labor, all of which allowed the tribe to withstand the shocks of Anglo-American expansion. He also tells how they provided leaders who helped the Creeks navigate the onslaught of allotment, tribal dissolution, and Oklahoma statehood.<\/p>\n

In his compelling narrative, Zellar describes how African Creeks made a place for themselves in a tolerant Creek Nation<\/a> in which they had access to land, resources, and political leverage\u2014and how post\u2013Civil War<\/a> \u201creform\u201d reduced them to the second-class citizenship of other African Americans. It is a stirring account that puts history in a new light as it adds to our understanding of the multi-ethnic nature of Indian societies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

African Creeks: Estelvste and the Creek Nation University of Oklahoma Press 2007 368 pages, 6″ x 9″ Illustrations: 15 color illustrations, 4 maps Hardcover ISBN: 9780806138152 Paperback ISBN: 9780806168951 Gary Zellar, Assistant Professor of History University of Saskatchewan A narrative history of the African Creek community Among the Creeks, they were known as Estelvste\u2014black people\u2014and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1649,11,459,8,17,3015,20],"tags":[3936,3937,1777,1770],"class_list":["post-9194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","category-books","category-history","category-media-archive","category-monographs","category-native-americans","category-usa","tag-creek-nation","tag-gary-zellar","tag-oklahoma","tag-university-of-oklahoma-press"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9194"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62550,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9194\/revisions\/62550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixedracestudies.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}