Mixed Race Studies

Educational Policy, Politics, and Mixed Heritage Students in the United States

Journal of Social Issues
Volume 65, Number 1 (March 2009)
pages 165-183
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.01593.x

Kristen A. Renn, Professor of Higher, Adult, & Lifelong Education
Michigan State University

This article describes local, state, and federal policies related to collecting, aggregating, and reporting data on student race and ethnicity in U.S. K-12 and postsecondary education. It traces data policy from the 1997 decision by the Office of Management and Budget to change from single-race reporting to a format that permits respondents to choose more than one race, to the October 2007 issuance of final guidance from the Department of Education. Taking a K-20 perspective, I consider how policies for data collection and reporting may affect educational and developmental outcomes for students, as well as local, state, and national education policy environments.

Read or purchase the article here.

The Multiple Race Population: Is it Increasing or Decreasing?

Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association
Montreal Convention Center
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
2006-08-11

15 pages

Reynolds Farley, Research Professor Emeritus
Population Studies Center and Sociology Department
University of Michigan

A vibrant social movement developed in the 1990s, argued that many Americans had parents from differences races and that the federal statistical system should not classify persons into only one race. They succeeded in effecting the most dramatic change ever to occur in the measurement of race since Office of Management and Budget ruled in 1997 that the census and federal agencies must allow persons to identify with as many races as they wished.

Census 2000 found that one American in 40 identified with two or more races.  Because of increases in interracial marriage, a growth of the multiple race population was anticipated. The Census Bureau’s annual American Community Survey asks the race question to a sample of 800,000 households.  The percent identifying with two or more races decreased from 2.4 percent in 2000 to 1.9 percent four years later.

Census Bureau surveys report a substantial change in the racial identity selected by those who identify themselves as Spanish/Hispanic/Latino.  The percent of Hispanics who used a Spanish term for their race increased from 29 percent in 2000 to 36 percent in 2004. Without doubt Hispanics are increasing using a Spanish term as their racial identity.

Read the entire paper here.

A New Take On A Old Idea: Do We Need Multiracial Studies?

Du Bois Review: Social Science Review on Race
Volume 3, Issue 2 (September 2006)
pages 437-447
DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X06060280

Victor Thompson, Assistant Professor of Sociology
Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersery

Publications about multiracial identity and the multiracial population increased significantly prior to the 2000 U.S. Census. Most of these publications emerged after 1997—a significant year in the recent history of studies on the multiracial population, as this was the year the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) established new guidelines for collecting data on race, allowing people to choose more than one race (Office of Management and Budget 1997). It quickly became evident that this change in how the federal government tallies race was a significant event that merited the attention of academics. This surge in research on multiracial identity and the multiracial movement reflected, on the one hand, a push by multiracial advocates for more attention to the complexities of “being multiracial” and, on the other hand, a group of scholars interested in understanding the unfolding of these events…

…Mark One or More: Civil Rights in Multiracial America, by Kim Williams (2006), treats issues characteristic of scholars interested in the set of events leading up to and following the adoption of the “mark one or more” (MOOM) option for the 2000 Census.  Challenging Multiracial Identity, by Rainier Spencer (2006), represents a growing interest in critically understanding and evaluating the motivations of “multiracial” politics.  And The Politics of Multiracialism: Challenging Racial Thinking (2004), edited by Heather Dalmage (2004), is a collection of essays by authors who contribute to what might be seen as the emerging field of multiracial studies.  I shall discuss these authors’ attempts to reflect on, and potentially give birth to, a sub-discipline of multiracial studies, after first offering a synopsis of each work…

Read the entire review of all three books here.